345 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
345 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
## Google Mock ##
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The Google C++ mocking framework.
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### Overview ###
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Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes.
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It can help you derive better designs of your system and write better tests.
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It is inspired by:
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* [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/),
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* [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/), and
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* [Hamcrest](http://code.google.com/p/hamcrest/),
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and designed with C++'s specifics in mind.
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Google mock:
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* lets you create mock classes trivially using simple macros.
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* supports a rich set of matchers and actions.
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* handles unordered, partially ordered, or completely ordered expectations.
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* is extensible by users.
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We hope you find it useful!
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### Features ###
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* Provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks.
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* Can easily define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real
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and mock objects.
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* Handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions.
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* Comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments.
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* Uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock.
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* Does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay needed).
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* Allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on
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function calls to be expressed,.
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* Lets an user extend it by defining new matchers and actions.
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* Does not use exceptions.
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* Is easy to learn and use.
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Please see the project page above for more information as well as the
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mailing list for questions, discussions, and development. There is
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also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available. Please
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join us!
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Please note that code under [scripts/generator](scripts/generator/) is
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from [cppclean](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) and released under
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the Apache License, which is different from Google Mock's license.
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## Getting Started ##
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If you are new to the project, we suggest that you read the user
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documentation in the following order:
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* Learn the [basics](../../master/googletest/docs/primer.md) of
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Google Test, if you choose to use Google Mock with it (recommended).
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* Read [Google Mock for Dummies](../../master/googlemock/docs/ForDummies.md).
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* Read the instructions below on how to build Google Mock.
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You can also watch Zhanyong's [talk](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYpCyLI47rM) on Google Mock's usage and implementation.
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Once you understand the basics, check out the rest of the docs:
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* [CheatSheet](../../master/googlemock/docs/CheatSheet.md) - all the commonly used stuff
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at a glance.
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* [CookBook](../../master/googlemock/docs/CookBook.md) - recipes for getting things done,
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including advanced techniques.
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If you need help, please check the
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[KnownIssues](docs/KnownIssues.md) and
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[FrequentlyAskedQuestions](docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md) before
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posting a question on the
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[discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock).
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### Using Google Mock Without Google Test ###
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Google Mock is not a testing framework itself. Instead, it needs a
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testing framework for writing tests. Google Mock works seamlessly
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with [Google Test](https://github.com/google/googletest), but
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you can also use it with [any C++ testing framework](../../master/googlemock/docs/ForDummies.md#using-google-mock-with-any-testing-framework).
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### Requirements for End Users ###
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Google Mock is implemented on top of [Google Test](
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http://github.com/google/googletest/), and depends on it.
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You must use the bundled version of Google Test when using Google Mock.
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You can also easily configure Google Mock to work with another testing
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framework, although it will still need Google Test. Please read
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["Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework"](
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../../master/googlemock/docs/ForDummies.md#using-google-mock-with-any-testing-framework)
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for instructions.
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Google Mock depends on advanced C++ features and thus requires a more
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modern compiler. The following are needed to use Google Mock:
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#### Linux Requirements ####
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* GNU-compatible Make or "gmake"
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* POSIX-standard shell
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* POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h)
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* C++98-standard-compliant compiler (e.g. GCC 3.4 or newer)
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#### Windows Requirements ####
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* Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 SP1 or newer
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#### Mac OS X Requirements ####
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* Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer
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* Developer Tools Installed
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### Requirements for Contributors ###
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We welcome patches. If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to
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build Google Mock and its tests, which has further requirements:
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* Automake version 1.9 or newer
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* Autoconf version 2.59 or newer
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* Libtool / Libtoolize
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* Python version 2.3 or newer (for running some of the tests and
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re-generating certain source files from templates)
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### Building Google Mock ###
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#### Using CMake ####
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If you have CMake available, it is recommended that you follow the
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[build instructions][gtest_cmakebuild]
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as described for Google Test.
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If are using Google Mock with an
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existing CMake project, the section
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[Incorporating Into An Existing CMake Project][gtest_incorpcmake]
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may be of particular interest.
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To make it work for Google Mock you will need to change
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target_link_libraries(example gtest_main)
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to
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target_link_libraries(example gmock_main)
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This works because `gmock_main` library is compiled with Google Test.
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However, it does not automatically add Google Test includes.
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Therefore you will also have to change
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if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 2.8.11)
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include_directories("${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
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endif()
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to
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if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 2.8.11)
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include_directories(BEFORE SYSTEM
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"${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include" "${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
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else()
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target_include_directories(gmock_main SYSTEM BEFORE INTERFACE
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"${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include" "${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
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endif()
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This will addtionally mark Google Mock includes as system, which will
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silence compiler warnings when compiling your tests using clang with
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`-Wpedantic -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion`.
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#### Preparing to Build (Unix only) ####
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If you are using a Unix system and plan to use the GNU Autotools build
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system to build Google Mock (described below), you'll need to
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configure it now.
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To prepare the Autotools build system:
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cd googlemock
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autoreconf -fvi
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To build Google Mock and your tests that use it, you need to tell your
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build system where to find its headers and source files. The exact
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way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually
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straightforward.
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This section shows how you can integrate Google Mock into your
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existing build system.
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Suppose you put Google Mock in directory `${GMOCK_DIR}` and Google Test
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in `${GTEST_DIR}` (the latter is `${GMOCK_DIR}/gtest` by default). To
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build Google Mock, create a library build target (or a project as
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called by Visual Studio and Xcode) to compile
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${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc and ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc
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with
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${GTEST_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK_DIR}/include
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in the system header search path, and
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${GTEST_DIR} and ${GMOCK_DIR}
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in the normal header search path. Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,
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something like the following will do:
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g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
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-isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \
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-pthread -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
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g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
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-isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \
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-pthread -c ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc
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ar -rv libgmock.a gtest-all.o gmock-all.o
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(We need -pthread as Google Test and Google Mock use threads.)
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Next, you should compile your test source file with
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${GTEST\_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK\_DIR}/include in the header search
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path, and link it with gmock and any other necessary libraries:
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g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include \
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-pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgmock.a -o your_test
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As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can
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use to build Google Mock on systems where GNU make is available
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(e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin). It doesn't try to build Google
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Mock's own tests. Instead, it just builds the Google Mock library and
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a sample test. You can use it as a starting point for your own build
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script.
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If the default settings are correct for your environment, the
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following commands should succeed:
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cd ${GMOCK_DIR}/make
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make
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./gmock_test
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If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of
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[make/Makefile](make/Makefile) to make them go away.
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### Windows ###
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The msvc/2005 directory contains VC++ 2005 projects and the msvc/2010
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directory contains VC++ 2010 projects for building Google Mock and
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selected tests.
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Change to the appropriate directory and run "msbuild gmock.sln" to
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build the library and tests (or open the gmock.sln in the MSVC IDE).
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If you want to create your own project to use with Google Mock, you'll
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have to configure it to use the `gmock_config` propety sheet. For that:
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* Open the Property Manager window (View | Other Windows | Property Manager)
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* Right-click on your project and select "Add Existing Property Sheet..."
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* Navigate to `gmock_config.vsprops` or `gmock_config.props` and select it.
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* In Project Properties | Configuration Properties | General | Additional
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Include Directories, type <path to Google Mock>/include.
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### Tweaking Google Mock ###
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Google Mock can be used in diverse environments. The default
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configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in
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some environments. However, you can easily tweak Google Mock by
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defining control macros on the compiler command line. Generally,
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these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define them to either 1
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or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
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We list the most frequently used macros below. For a complete list,
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see file [${GTEST\_DIR}/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](
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../googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h).
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### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ###
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Google Mock uses the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) tuple library
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heavily. Unfortunately TR1 tuple is not yet widely available with all
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compilers. The good news is that Google Test 1.4.0+ implements a
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subset of TR1 tuple that's enough for Google Mock's need. Google Mock
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will automatically use that implementation when the compiler doesn't
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provide TR1 tuple.
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Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test
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and Google Mock use. However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple,
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you need to tell Google Test and Google Mock to use the same TR1 tuple
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library the rest of your project uses, or the two tuple
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implementations will clash. To do that, add
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-DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0
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to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test, Google Mock, and
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your tests. If you want to force Google Test and Google Mock to use
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their own tuple library, just add
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-DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1
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to the compiler flags instead.
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If you want to use Boost's TR1 tuple library with Google Mock, please
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refer to the Boost website (http://www.boost.org/) for how to obtain
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it and set it up.
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### As a Shared Library (DLL) ###
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Google Mock is compact, so most users can build and link it as a static
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library for the simplicity. Google Mock can be used as a DLL, but the
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same DLL must contain Google Test as well. See
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[Google Test's README][gtest_readme]
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for instructions on how to set up necessary compiler settings.
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### Tweaking Google Mock ###
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Most of Google Test's control macros apply to Google Mock as well.
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Please see [Google Test's README][gtest_readme] for how to tweak them.
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### Upgrading from an Earlier Version ###
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We strive to keep Google Mock releases backward compatible.
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Sometimes, though, we have to make some breaking changes for the
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users' long-term benefits. This section describes what you'll need to
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do if you are upgrading from an earlier version of Google Mock.
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#### Upgrading from 1.1.0 or Earlier ####
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You may need to explicitly enable or disable Google Test's own TR1
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tuple library. See the instructions in section "[Choosing a TR1 Tuple
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Library](../googletest/#choosing-a-tr1-tuple-library)".
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#### Upgrading from 1.4.0 or Earlier ####
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On platforms where the pthread library is available, Google Test and
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Google Mock use it in order to be thread-safe. For this to work, you
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may need to tweak your compiler and/or linker flags. Please see the
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"[Multi-threaded Tests](../googletest#multi-threaded-tests
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)" section in file Google Test's README for what you may need to do.
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If you have custom matchers defined using `MatcherInterface` or
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`MakePolymorphicMatcher()`, you'll need to update their definitions to
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use the new matcher API (
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[monomorphic](./docs/CookBook.md#writing-new-monomorphic-matchers),
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[polymorphic](./docs/CookBook.md#writing-new-polymorphic-matchers)).
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Matchers defined using `MATCHER()` or `MATCHER_P*()` aren't affected.
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Happy testing!
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[gtest_readme]: ../googletest/README.md "googletest"
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[gtest_cmakebuild]: ../googletest/README.md#using-cmake "Using CMake"
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[gtest_incorpcmake]: ../googletest/README.md#incorporating-into-an-existing-cmake-project "Incorporating Into An Existing CMake Project"
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